There is twisting in the van der Waals bilayers

Subkelvin Specific Heat Capacity and Transport Measurements of 2D Heavy-Fermion Materials at Beamline 21-ID-1

The US Department of Energy’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Science mainly funded research on 2D heavy-fermion materials. The beams of the National Synchrotron Light Source II were measured at Beamline 21-ID-1 which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. We wish to thank C. Petrovic and Z. Hu for their help. High-magnetic-field transport and tunnel diode oscillator measurements were performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF; Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1644779) and the State of Florida. The DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division supported Subkelvin specific heat capacity measurements. The resources used for the heat analysis came from the Spallation Neutron Source, a DOE Office of Science User Facility. The PPMS used to perform vibrating-sample magnetometry, heat capacity and electrical transport measurements was purchased with financial support from the NSF through a supplement to award DMR-1751949. STM equipment support was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research via grant FA9550-21-1-037. Electrical transport measurements of low-dimensional samples were supported by the NSF (DMR-2105048). The DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences awarded a grant to support lab work related to quantum materials. The Theory calculations by O.E., P.T. and C.S.O. were supported by a grant of the European Research Council. The V.A.P. is supported by the GRFP. A.D. acknowledges the support from the society of fellows. We acknowledge the use of facilities and instrumentation supported by the NSF through the Columbia University, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (Grant No. DMR-2011738). The institute is a part of the foundation. We acknowledge support from the Max Planck–New York City Center for Non-Equilibrium Quantum Phenomena.

The work was mostly funded by the Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials: an NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center. DMR-1720595, DMR-2308817 and the US Air Force grant no. FA23-21-1-5064. Other supports were from NSF grant nos. The Welch Foundation and DMR are related. The National Science Foundation supported V.- A.H. and F.G. V.-A.H. and F.G. used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, which were supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC02-06CH11357, respectively). The Texas Advanced Computing Center at the University of Texas at Austin is acknowledged by V.-A.H. and F.G. for providing access to the three websites which contributed to the research results reported in this paper. There was funding for the work done at Penn State by both the Penn State 2C-MIP and the Penn State Center forNanoscale Science. Y.-C.L acknowledges the support from NYCU and the Yushan Young Scholar Program from the Ministry of Education of Taiwan. The US DOE, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, as well as other organizations have supported the QSA. The Advanced Light Source is a DOE user facility and is where the research was done. DE-AC02-05CH11231). The National Science Foundation supports Z.L., X.Liu and X. Li. The DOE’s Office of Basic Energy Sciences was granted a grant. DE-SC0019398) and the Welch Foundation (grant no. F-1662). K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the JSPS KAKENHI (grant nos. 20H00354, 21H05233 and 23H02052) and the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), NEXT, Japan.