The giant UK programme to lower people’s blood-sugar levels really worked

The global, regional and national burden and trend of diabetes: analysis of 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2025 in the United States and Canada

The analysis of more than two million health records shows that a nationwide programme to prevent diabetes lowers blood sugar levels and encourages weight loss among the people referred to it.

Lin, X. et al. Global, regional and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025. Sci. Rep. 10, 14790 (2020).

Participants in the English programme have to attend at least 13sessions during which they are counseled on how to eat a healthy diet and maintain a healthy weight. Eligibility for the programme is determined by blood sugar level: once this biomarker climbs above a certain threshold, a person is considered prediabetic and at high risk of developing diabetes.

A group of people, including a doctor, used the cut-off point to conduct an experiment. People with scores slightly below the threshold are rarely referred to the programme — even though there is no such sharp boundary in biological diabetes risk.

Even small drops in blood sugar can be good for cardiovascular health, and the study was not able to determine whether participants went on to develop type 2 diabetes.

Overall, the outcome is similar to those found in clinical trials and smaller evaluations of prevention programmes, says Earle Chambers, an epidemiologist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City. Less than one-third of people who are referred to the programme actually start it, and fewer still complete it, is a concern.

Hernán, M. A. & Robins, J. M. Using big data to emulate a target trial when a randomized trial is not available. Am. J. Epidemiol. 181, 758–763 in this year.

Davidson, J. Clinical codelist –HES Major adverse cardiovascular event. Int. J. Epidemiol. Nat. Diabetes Audit. Sci. Rep. 10, 9219 (2020)

Davidson, J. Clinical codelist—HES—Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine https://doi.org/10.17037/DATA.00002198 (2021).

Data-driven statistical inference in regression-discontinuity designs from Calonico, Cattaneo and Farrell. R package v.2.1.0 (2022).

The lower layer of the output area was used for the clinical group. This is where to find it in England. The office of national statistics has a look-up of the lower-layer super-output area.

Chatton, A. et al. G-computations, propensity score-based methods and the targeted maximum likelihood estimator are part of the comparative simulation study. Sci. Rep. 10, 9219 (2020).

N. & Stuart were the authors. Choosing the causal estimand for propensity score analysis of observational studies. The paper was preprinted at https://doi.org 10. 500/ARXIV.

There is a case study in the analysis of patient data. J. Comp. Eff. Res. 9, 395–403 was published in 2020.

Herbert, A., Wijlaars, L., Zylbersztejn, A., Cromwell, D. & Hardelid, P. Data resource profile: Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES APC). Int. J. Epidemiol is a drug. The song was sung on October 46, of the song, “1093–1093i.”

National Diabetes Audit. Other reports and statistics are included. NHS Digital https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/national-diabetes-audit (2018).

Source: Quasi-experimental evaluation of a nationwide diabetes prevention programme

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled interventions for reversing prediabetes: a systematic review and a case study

Silverio, A. Cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 studies and 18,300 patients. In the field of Cardiovasc. Disord. 21, 23 (2021).

Calderón-Larrañaga, S. et al. Unravelling the potential of social prescribing in individual-level type 2 diabetes prevention: a mixed-methods realist evaluation. There is a report on the BMC Med. 21.

Galaviz, K. I. et al. Interventions for reversing prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Prev. Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.10.020 (2022).

Jonas, D. E. et al. Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA 326, 744 (2021).

Persson, R. et al. CPRD. The assessment of the data quality and completeness is part of the Aurum database. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 29, 1456–1464 (2020).

Lipsitch, M., Tchetgen Tchetgen, E. & Cohen, T. Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies. Epidemiology 21, 383–388 was the most recent.

Garg, N. et al. Nondiabetic patients have an independent correlation between hismoglobin A1c and coronary artery disease. There is a case in the state of mayo Clin. Proc. 89, 908– 916 was published in 2004.

Clinical trial participants and nonparticipants are compared using electronic health record data. JAMA Netw. Open 4, e 2128.

Kennedy-Martin, T., Curtis, S., Faries, D., Robinson, S. & Johnston, J. A literature review on the representativeness of randomized controlled trial samples and implications for the external validity of trial results. Trials 16, 495 (2015).

Keyworth, C., Epton, T., Goldthorpe, J., Calam, R. & Armitage, C. J. ‘It’s difficult, I think it’s complicated’: Health care professionals’ barriers and enablers to providing opportunistic behaviour change interventions during routine medical consultations. There is a person that is referred to as Br. Health Psychol. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12368 (2019).

Irving, G. International variations in primary care physician consultation time: a systematic review of 67 countries. BMJ Open 7, e017902 (2017).

Milder, I. E., Blokstra, A., de Groot, J., van Dulmen, S., and Bemmans, W.J. analyze lifestyle counseling in hypertension-related visits. BMC Fam. Pract. 9, 58 (2008).

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 3, 866–875 (2015).

Source: Quasi-experimental evaluation of a nationwide diabetes prevention programme

Weight management in primary care: a meta-ethnographic synthesis of clinicians’ perceptions and experiences – a review

Dewhurst, A., Peters, S., Devereux-Fitzgerald, A. & Hart, J. Physicians’ views and experiences of discussing weight management within routine clinical consultations: a thematic synthesis. The patient was Educ. Couns. 100, 897–908 (2017).

The review looked at the perceptions of physical activity counselling by primary care providers. It’s not a secret that there’s a disagreement regarding the meaning of the word br. J. Sports Med. 46, 625–631 (2012).

M. orator-Valera et al. Barriers and facilitators for the implementation of primary prevention and health promotion activities in primary care: a synthesis through meta-ethnography. PLoS ONE 9, e89554 (2014).

S. Taheri, et al. The effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on bodyweight in early type 2 diabetes is studied in a trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 8, 477–489 (2020).

Bommer, C. The global economic burden of diabetes in adults aged 20–79 years: a cost-of-illness study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 5, 423–430 (2017).