The southern ocean heat sink is hampered by melting ice

The changing circulation of deep ocean water as a feeding system for the Antarctica, Antarctica and Southern Ocean: a study on melting sea ice on Wednesday

However, Wednesday’s study found that as global temperatures warm, melting sea ice “freshens” the water around Antarctica, diluting its saltiness and raising its temperature, meaning it’s less dense and doesn’t sink to the bottom as efficiently as it once did.

“The projections we have make it look like the Antarctic overturning would collapse this century,” said Matthew England, deputy director of the Australian Research Council’s Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, who coordinated the study.

Over the course of 1000 years, these circulations changed and now we are talking about change in the next few decades. So it is pretty dramatic,” he said.

The system of currents that carry warm water from the tropics into the North Atlantic has been the focus of most previous studies. The cold, saltier water then sinks and flows south.

Its Southern Ocean equivalent is less studied but does an important job moving nutrient-dense water north from Antarctica, past New Zealand and into the North Pacific Ocean, the North Atlantic and Indian Ocean, the report’s authors said in a briefing.

The circulation of deep ocean water is considered vital for the health of the sea – and plays an important role in sequestering carbon absorbed from the atmosphere.

As the current moves northward, it agitates deep layers of debris on the ocean floor – remains of decomposing sea life thick with nutrients – that feed the bottom of the food chain, scientists said.

“We know that nutrients exported from the Southern Ocean in other current systems support about three quarters of global phytoplankton production – the base of the food chain,” he said.

The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate: The Effects of Climate Change on the Circulation of Antarctic Bottom Water

Shut it down and there will be a reduction in precipitation in a single band south of the equator and a increase in the band to the north. So we could see impacts on rainfall in the tropics,” said England.

Earlier this month, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned in its latest report that the impacts of rising global temperatures were more severe than expected. Without deep changes the world is hurtling towards dangerous and irreversible consequences of climate change.

The IPCC report found that the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) above preindustrial levels was still possible, but it’s becoming harder to achieve the longer the world fails to cut carbon pollution.

Even though the direct effect on the fisheries may take a long time to work out, we will commit ourselves to those choices over the next decade.

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