There was a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3
SN 2011dh: discovery of a type IIb supernova from a compact progenitor in the nearby galaxy M51
I. Arcavi, et al. SN 2011dh: discovery of a type IIb supernova from a compact progenitor in the nearby galaxy M51. Astrophys. J. Lett. 742, L18 (2011).
Soumagnac, M. T. et al. The explosion of a large red supergiant was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility. Astrophys. J.letters 902, 6 was published in 2020.
Struble, M. F. & Rood, H. J. A compilation of redshifts and velocity dispersions for Abell clusters (Epoch 1991.2). Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 77 was published in 1991.
Kawamata, R. et al. Size–luminosity relations and UV luminosity functions at z = 6–9 simultaneously derived from the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data. There are astrophys. J. 855, 4 was published in October.
It was found that there were many projected cluster-scale halos in the telescopes. Astron. J. 781, 2 (2014).
Oguri, M. Fast calculation of gravitational lensing properties of elliptical Navarro–Frenk–White and Hernquist density profiles. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacif. In the year 2021, there are 133, 074504.
The paper is titled “B. P. et al.” The distance of five type II supernovae using the expanding photosphere method and the value of H0. There are astrophys. J. 432, 42–48 (1994).
The article was written byYang, Y. There is a normal type of Ia supernova: UV–optical observations and the earliest spectropolarimetry. Astrophys. J. 902 was published in 2020.
Optical transients in Python (SPIE, SPIE, et al., 2015), published in “Poc 476, 4283 & 4322” by J. Ho, A. Y.
Hack, W.Drizzle, Dencheva, M., Droettboom, M., and Greenfield were involved in the redesign of the Multi package. The Space Telescope Science Institute Calibration workshop was held in 2010.
D. O., Scolnic, D. M., and S. A. PythonPhot is simple photometry in Python. Astrophysics Source Code Library https://www.ascl.net/1501.010 (2015).
Schmidt, G. D., Weymann, R. J. & Foltz, C. B. There is a Moderate-resolution, high-throughput CCD channel. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacif. 101, 713–724 (1989).
Rothberg, B. et al. The Large Binocular Telescope Observatory has an instrument facility suite. In the end. It’s SPIE 10702. Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII (eds Evans, C. J. et al.) 1070205 (SPIE, 2018).
The fitting code is based on the idea of likelihood. The day is Mon. Not. R. Astron. A paper titled “Poc 476, 4283–4322” was published last year.
Reddy, N. A. et al. The MOSDEF Survey: significant evolution in the rest-frame optical emission line equivalent widths of star-forming galaxies at z = 1.4–3.8. Astrophys. J. 869, 92 (2018).
Margutti, R. et al. An embedded X-ray source shines through the aspherical AT2018cow: revealing the inner workings of the most luminous fast-evolving optical transients. There are astrophys. J. 872, 18 (2019).
Iran, G. and Hosseinzaden are the authors of the book. Weak mass loss from the red supergiant progenitor of the type II SN 2021yja. The print was pre-released at www.arxiv.org.
Ho, A. Y. Q. The Koala: a fast blue optical transient with luminous radio emission from a starburst dwarf galaxy at z = 0.27. Astrophys. J. 895 was published in 2020.
The Phillips Relation, Nickel, and Supernovae in the Cosmology: The Case against the Expansion Rate of the Universe and the Cosmic Acceleration
Original story reprinted with permission from Quanta Magazine, an editorially independent publication of the Simons Foundation whose mission is to enhance public understanding of science by covering research developments and trends in mathematics and the physical and life sciences.
Our understanding of the cosmos is based on these standard candles. Consider two of the biggest mysteries in cosmology: What is the expansion rate of the universe? And why is that expansion rate accelerating? Using Type Ia supernovas we can measure distance to understand some of these issues.
Uncertainty that worries theorists, because researchers don’t fully understand what causes these strange explosions. There are some small discrepancies in how they appear that could corrupt the measurement of the universe.
For an object to serve as a standard candle, astronomers must know its inherent brightness, or luminosity. They can compare it to how bright or dim that object appears in the sky.
MarkPhillips plotted how the luminosity of Type Ia supernovas changed over time. Crucially, nearly all Type Ia supernovas follow this curve, known as the Phillips relationship. This consistency makes the explosions that are visible billions of light years away the most powerful candles that astronomer have. But what’s the reason for their consistency?
A hint comes from the unlikely element nickel. When there is a supernova in the sky radioactive nickel-54 flooding out is detected. White dwarfs are dim, fizzled-out stars that hold only a dense, Earth-size core of carbon and oxygen, enshrouded by a layer of helium. White dwarfs are not as good as supernovas. The puzzle is how to get from one state to the other. There is still no obvious way to do a type Ia supernova, according to an astronomer who specializes in that type of event. “How do you get it to explode?”
The theory was no longer in existence in 2011. Astronomers were able to search for a companion star after spotting the closest Type Ia so early in its explosion. None was seen.
The tongue twister theory was created by the University of California, Berkeley and called the D6 scenario. A white dwarf traps another white dwarf in order to steal its helium, which in turn will cause a nuclear fusion in the first dwarf. The fusing helium sends a shock wave deep into the dwarf’s core. It then detonates.
